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What is ApoB?

ApoB (apolipoprotein B) is an atherogenic (artery plaque-forming) particle that transports “bad” cholesterol. Each particle of VLDL, IDL, LDL, or Lp(a) contains a single molecule of ApoB. Since ApoB measures additional types of “bad cholesterol” rather than just LDL-C, studies have shown that ApoB is a better predictor of cardiovascular events such as myocardial infarction than LDL-C in both men and women, independent of age [1].

Note: While VLDL, IDL, LDL, or Lp(a) particles in themselves are not “bad”, high levels of these lipoproteins can build up and block arteries (pro-atherogenic). These lipoproteins, however, are healthy in moderation, and very low levels can have negative implications as well [2].

Why is ApoB important?

Because there is only one ApoB per LDL particle, this measurement gives us the most accurate estimate of the quantity of non-HDL cholesterol relative to total cholesterol. High ApoB levels are strongly associated with increased risk for cardiovascular events and shortened lifespan [3]. SiPhox Health includes ApoB in our foundation panel to help monitor and manage ApoB levels.

How can I better understand my results?

To better interpret your results, here are a few values that can be used to gauge your cardiovascular health:

Lab ranges:

  • Out of range: 0-50 mg/dL OR >100 mg/dL
  • Optimal: 50-65 mg/dL
  • In range: 65-100 mg/dL

SiPhox Grades:

  • Optimal: 50-70 mg/dL
  • Good: 70-90 mg/dL
  • Fair: 90-110 mg/dL
  • Pay attention: >110 OR <50 mg/dL

High ApoB results may be indicative of pregnancy, high cholesterol, or kidney issues. Low ApoB on the other hand may be indicative of sepsis, liver disease, malabsorption, or high estrogen levels. However, it is important to consult with your physician if you are concerned with any of your results.

How can I maintain optimal ApoB levels?

If your ApoB levels are higher than normal, you can try:

Lifestyle changes: If your ApoB levels are higher than normal, exercising for at least 30 minutes a day and maintaining a healthy weight can help in maintaining healthy ApoB levels. Avoiding tobacco also aids in improving ApoB levels.

Dietary Adjustments: Limiting saturated and trans fat intake can help lower high ApoB levels and increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables. Additionally consuming foods with omega-3s (such as cold-water fish and walnuts), psyllium, and/or phytosterols (such as nuts and whole grains) can help improve ApoB levels. Following a balanced Mediterranean diet has also been proven to aid in maintaining healthy ApoB levels [4].

Medication: If your ApoB levels are considerably high, consult your physician to see if taking a cholesterol-lowering drug would be a good option for you.

Where can I learn more?

DISCLAIMER: IF YOU ARE CONCERNED WITH ANY OF YOUR RESULTS, PLEASE CONSULT WITH YOUR PHYSICIAN.

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